The transportation of crude oil around the world is fundamental to the survival of most, if not all economies. Rubber plays an important role in many aspects of oil transportation, not least in its transfer offshore. This can take many forms, but perhaps the most common is loading and discharging supertankers offshore through large bore reinforced rubber hoses, in situations where access to a shore terminal is unavailable (figure 1). Reinforced rubber hoses are also used extensively in offshore oil exploration and live crude transfer systems, where demands on the product are at their extreme, with high pressures, high temperatures and sour gases. A development of the large bore oil hose is an essential product for transfer of dredging slurries offshore.
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Figure 1. Offshore oil hose floating string in use on a tandem loading application.
Definition of Large Bore Offshore Hoses
The large bore offshore hose needs some explanation since associations with hose in common use can be misleading. Large bore refers to bore sizes in the range 150mm (6 in) through to 914mm (36 in), with typical individual hose lengths of 9 to 12m (30 to 40 ft). Floating dredging hose types can have an outside diameter approaching 2m (6 ft). Although rubber is an essential part of the hose construction, the strength of the hose is very much dependent upon the fabric and steel reinforcing members.
Supertanker Offshore Terminals
For a typical supertanker offshore terminal, the system consists of a moored buoy, with hose connections between the buoy and the seabed (submarine hose) and between the buoy and the tanker (floating hose). When not in use the floating hoses stream from the buoy turntable as dictated by the current and when in use, the tanker moors to the buoy and connects the hoses to manifolds at its midposition. There are something like 250 terminals of this type worldwide. Other systems are also in use, for example catenary systems and tandem mooring systems between storage and shuttle tankers.
Large Bore Dredging Hose
Large bore dredging hose is a similar product to the oil hose but requires very different properties for the rubber lining and a greater ability to withstand rough handling conditions. Dredging hose is typically used for transfer of dredging slurries from offshore dredgers and enjoying an active market stimulated by contracts such as for the extension of Hong Kong airport.
Hoses for Exploration
On the exploration side, high pressure hoses are used as &#;rotary drilling hoses&#;, to supply lubrication and spoil removal during well drilling operations, as &#;choke and kill hoses&#; to control the well in emergency situations and for live crude flow lines between wellheads, pipelines and platforms. Pressures in these applications can be up to 100MPa (15,000 psi) and bore sizes from 5 to 30 cm (2 to 12 in).
Opera ting Conditions
In all the above applications loads on the hoses are significant, whether from internal pressures, external forces or combinations of both. For example, large bore oil hoses are capable of working tensile loads up to 30 tons.
Structure of a Reinforced Hoses
Standard Reinforced Hose
Figure 2 shows a section through a typical hose wall. The hose lining is rubber, which is reinforced with multiple layers of spirally applied high tensile steel or fabric reinforcing cords, to provide pressure and external load resistance. At least one helical steel wire is then applied outside of the main reinforcement and this wire is totally embedded within a rubber matrix. The hose carcass is completed with further fabric reinforcement and a rubber cover. If the hose is a floating hose, following vulcanisation of the main hose carcass, layers of closed cell floatation sponge are applied, with a final fabric reinforced rubber or occasionally polyurethane cover. Most large bore hose is constructed in a similar manner, but many variations exist, depending on particular site requirements.
Figure 2. Cross section through a typical hose carcass.
High Pressure Hose
High pressure hoses are similar but due to the high pressures, reinforcement is usually with high tensile steel cables. Bores can be reinforced with flexible metal tubes to increase hoop load resistance and prevent explosive decompression of the lining as a result of trapped gases.
Rubber for Hoses
The requirements for the rubber in these products are diverse, depending on the hose type, the product carried and requirements for filler layers and covers. Any hose will have more than one rubber compound type in its construction, specially formulated to give the required properties for the layer. One essential factor in any offshore hose is to achieve very high levels of adhesion to ensure maximum resistance to fatigue.
Properties for Offshore Oil Hoses
The key properties for the hose bore of an offshore oil hose are oil resistance, high resistance to aromatics (up to 50%), temperature resistance, (-29 to 52°C), fatigue resistance and ozone resistance. Acrylonitrile based rubber compounds are usually selected for oil hose linings.
Properties for Dredging Hoses
However, with a dredging hose where high abrasion resistance is the key requirement hard wearing SBR rubber compounds are more likely to be selected. It is interesting to note that dredging hose linings will outlast steel by several times and in these hoses the steel end fittings are also lined with rubber. For live crude hoses the rubber compound must be formulated to resist oil, hydrogen sulphide and have sufficient strength to withstand explosive decompression; the rapid release of entrapped gases when bore pressures are reduced.
Design of Re inforced Hoses
Rubber layers within the hose are required to achieve high bond levels to reinforcing members and maintain the location of the helical steel wire. In some hose designs, particularly dredging hoses, the function of the helical steel wire is substituted by having a sandwich section of high modulus rubber. This gives the hose adequate hoop strength with the advantage that flattening and kinking can be tolerated up to a point, making the hose more tolerant to abuse. On the outside of the hose, the rubber layers need to resist seawater, ozone attack and have good abrasion resistance.
Matrix Design
The ability or rubber to provide a sealing function, to bond layers together, to be capable of being formulated into a wide variety of properties and to provide an overall flexible fatigue resistant structure are key factors in the selection of rubber in offshore hoses. However, the designer must be aware of the performance of the whole hose matrix and the demands made on the compounds to maximise fatigue performance. Finite element analysis of hose structures is an important element of today&#;s hose designs and the interaction between the engineer and rubber chemist becomes more important as some of the finer details of the complex hose matrix are fully understood. Hoses are generally very fatigue resistant and isolated problems in service will usually relate to reinforcing members or end connections and their interaction with the rubber, rather than being a feature of the rubber itself.
Double Carcass Hoses
Spillage of oil is obviously of major concern for offshore oil hoses and &#;double carcass&#; hoses are available for those customers particularly concerned about maximising hose lives or taking out contingency plans against premature failures or damage. A double carcass hose has a reduced strength outer carcass, which will contain any leaking oil and will signal failure by various techniques used by the different hose suppliers.
Summary
The reinforced rubber offshore hose is well established as a proven means of providing offshore transfer of fluids in harsh environments. The finer details of this complex design are still being improved and new applications are extending the capabilities of the product. For example there is interest in the transfer of LPG products at temperatures down to -50°C, where the rubber compounds must retain flexibility at these low temperatures whilst maintaining their other properties. Also, hoses feature in proposals for offshore generation of power in renewable energy projects. We can be confident that the outstanding properties of rubber ensure that its use in offshore hose is guaranteed for the foreseeable future.
If you&#;re looking for a high-quality, durable hose for your industrial or commercial needs, you might want to consider a thermoplastic hose. But with so many manufacturers out there, how do you know which one to choose?
In this article, we&#;ll take a closer look at thermoplastic hose manufacturers and what you need to know before making a decision.
Thermoplastic hoses are made from synthetic materials that can withstand high temperatures and pressures. Unlike traditional rubber hoses, which can be heavy and bulky, thermoplastic hoses are lightweight and flexible. They are commonly used in a wide range of applications, including hydraulic, pneumatic, and industrial systems.
Thermoplastic hoses are a type of hose made from a thermoplastic polymer, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PU), or nylon. These hoses are designed to be lightweight, flexible, and durable, making them suitable for use in a wide range of industrial and commercial applications.
Thermoplastic hoses have several advantages over other types of hoses, including their resistance to chemicals, UV rays, and abrasion. They are also able to withstand high pressures and temperatures, making them ideal for use in applications such as hydraulic systems, pneumatic systems, and chemical transfer.
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Another advantage of thermoplastic hoses is their flexibility, which allows them to be easily maneuvered around obstacles and tight spaces. This flexibility also makes them easier to install and maintain, as they can be easily bent and repositioned without damaging the hose.
Thermoplastic hoses can be customized to meet specific application requirements, such as by varying the wall thickness, reinforcing the hose with additional materials, or adding special fittings or connectors. This versatility makes them suitable for use in a wide range of industries, including automotive, construction, agriculture, and mining.
Thermoplastic hoses are a reliable and cost-effective solution for many industrial and commercial applications, providing durability, flexibility, and customization options to meet specific requirements.
100R7 thermoplastic hose is a type of hydraulic hose that is designed to handle high-pressure applications. It is made from thermoplastic materials, which provide excellent resistance to abrasion, chemicals, and UV rays. The 100R7 hose is also lightweight and flexible, which makes it easy to handle and maneuver.
This type of hose is commonly used in industries such as construction, agriculture, and mining, where high-pressure hydraulic systems are used to power heavy machinery and equipment. It is also used in manufacturing processes that require precise control of hydraulic fluid flow.
The 100R7 thermoplastic hose has a maximum operating pressure of 2,500 PSI and a temperature range of -40°F to 212°F (-40°C to 100°C). It is available in various sizes and lengths to meet specific application requirements.
100R7 thermoplastic hose offers a reliable and durable solution for high-pressure hydraulic applications that require flexibility and resistance to harsh environments.
There are several top thermoplastic hose manufacturers that have established a reputation for producing high-quality, reliable hoses. These manufacturers have a long history of innovation and have developed a wide range of hoses that are suitable for various industrial and commercial applications. Here is a closer look at five of the top thermoplastic hose manufacturers:
Parker Hannifin is one of the global hydraulic hose manufacturers in motion and control technologies, including the production of thermoplastic hoses. Their hoses are known for their durability, resistance to chemicals and abrasion, and high flexibility. They offer a wide range of hoses for various applications, including hydraulic, pneumatic, and industrial uses.
Eaton is another top manufacturer of thermoplastic hoses, with a focus on high-performance hoses that are designed to withstand harsh environments. Their hoses are known for their low weight, flexibility, and resistance to chemicals and abrasion. Eaton offers a range of hoses for various applications, including transportation, agriculture, and construction.
Continental is a well-known manufacturer of industrial products, including thermoplastic hoses. Their hoses are designed for use in demanding applications, such as construction, mining, and oil and gas exploration. Continental&#;s hoses are known for their high pressure capacity, resistance to abrasion, and excellent flexibility.
Kuriyama of America is a leading manufacturer of thermoplastic hoses for various industrial and commercial applications. Their hoses are known for their high quality, durability, and flexibility. They offer a wide range of hoses for various applications, including food and beverage, chemical transfer, and petroleum transfer.
Gates Corporation is a global manufacturer of industrial and automotive products, including thermoplastic hoses. Their hoses are designed to withstand high pressure and extreme temperatures, making them suitable for use in a variety of applications, including hydraulic, pneumatic, and chemical transfer.
These are just a few of the top thermoplastic hose manufacturers on the market today. When choosing a manufacturer, it&#;s important to consider factors such as quality standards, customization options, and customer support to ensure that you get a hose that meets your specific needs.
There are several benefits to using thermoplastic hoses, including:
Thermoplastic hoses are flexible hoses made from thermoplastic materials that can be easily molded and shaped when heated and then cooled. They are commonly used in a wide range of industrial applications, including hydraulic systems, pneumatic systems, and high-pressure water cleaning.
There are several different types of thermoplastic hoses, each with their own unique properties and benefits. Some of the most common types include:
These hoses are made from a type of plastic called polyurethane. PU hoses are highly flexible, making them easy to maneuver in tight spaces. They are also known for their excellent resistance to abrasion, kinking, and tearing, making them ideal for use in harsh environments. Additionally, PU hoses have good chemical resistance and can withstand a wide range of temperatures.
Nylon hoses are made from a type of plastic called nylon. They are known for their high strength and durability, making them ideal for use in high-pressure applications. Nylon hoses are also resistant to chemicals and can withstand high temperatures. They are often used in hydraulic systems, lubrication lines, and paint-spraying equipment.
PE hoses are made from a type of plastic called polyethylene. They are lightweight and have good chemical resistance, making them ideal for use in applications where chemical exposure is a concern. PE hoses are often used in water treatment systems, chemical transfer, and air and gas lines.
PVC hoses are made from a type of plastic called polyvinyl chloride. They are flexible and lightweight, making them easy to handle and maneuver. PVC hoses are also resistant to abrasion and can withstand moderate pressures. They are often used in air and water supply lines, as well as for vacuum and suction applications.
Fluoropolymer hoses are made from a type of plastic called fluoropolymer. They are highly resistant to chemicals, high temperatures, and extreme weather conditions, making them ideal for use in harsh environments. Fluoropolymer hoses are often used in chemical processing, food and beverage processing, and semiconductor manufacturing.
When choosing a thermoplastic hose manufacturer, there are several factors to consider:
Make sure the manufacturer adheres to industry quality standards and has the appropriate certifications. This ensures that the hoses are manufactured to high standards and will perform as expected.
Look for a manufacturer that can customize hoses for specific applications. This ensures that you get a hose that meets your specific needs and requirements.
Choose a manufacturer that provides excellent customer support and service. This ensures that any issues or concerns are addressed quickly and efficiently.
Here are some features about ODM thermoplastic hose
Versatile Material: ODM thermoplastic hoses are crafted from a versatile material, offering adaptability for a wide range of applications.
Chemical Resistance: These hoses boast excellent resistance to various chemicals, ensuring reliability in demanding industrial environments.
Lightweight Construction: Enjoy the benefits of a lightweight design, making handling and installation effortless, without compromising on strength and durability.
Temperature Tolerance: Designed to withstand a broad range of temperatures, ODM thermoplastic hoses maintain their performance and integrity in both extreme heat and cold.
Flexibility: Experience easy maneuverability with the flexibility of ODM thermoplastic hoses, facilitating efficient routing in complex systems.
Abrasion Resistance: Built to endure challenging conditions, these hoses exhibit high abrasion resistance, extending their lifespan and reducing maintenance requirements.
Non-Conductive Properties: Ideal for applications where electrical conductivity is a concern, ODM thermoplastic hoses offer non-conductive properties, ensuring safety in various settings.
Customization Options: Tailor these hoses to your specific needs with customizable options, allowing for a precise fit in your unique applications.
High-Pressure Capability: ODM thermoplastic hoses are engineered to handle high-pressure conditions, ensuring reliable performance in demanding hydraulic and pneumatic systems.
UV Resistance: Benefit from enhanced durability in outdoor applications with UV-resistant properties, protecting the hose from the damaging effects of prolonged sun exposure.
When it comes to choosing a thermoplastic hose manufacturer, it&#;s important to consider the quality standards, customization options, and customer support offered by each company. By doing your research and choosing a reputable manufacturer, you can ensure that you get a high-quality, reliable hose that meets your specific needs.
In addition to the manufacturers listed above, there are also many other companies that specialize in thermoplastic hoses. When researching potential manufacturers, make sure to read reviews and testimonials from other customers to get an idea of their experiences.
A thermoplastic hose can be a great investment for your industrial or commercial needs. By choosing the right manufacturer, you can get a hose that is durable, reliable, and customizable to meet your specific requirements.
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